(相關資料圖)

為進一步破解新能(neng)源汽車充(chong)電面臨(lin)的(de)(de)挑戰(zhan)，打(da)造高質(zhi)量充(chong)電基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施體系，不久(jiu)前印發的(de)(de)《關于進一步構建高質(zhi)量充(chong)電基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施體系的(de)(de)指導(dao)意見(jian)》明確提出，到2030年，基(ji)(ji)本建成覆蓋廣(guang)泛(fan)、規模適度、結構合理、功能(neng)完善(shan)的(de)(de)高質(zhi)量充(chong)電基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施體系，這為我國充(chong)電基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施體系的(de)(de)發展指明了方向。

新(xin)能源(yuan)汽車(che)(che)(che)是穩增長、促消費的重要領域，高質量充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)是保障新(xin)能源(yuan)汽車(che)(che)(che)應用的基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎條件。當前，我國(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)支持政策不(bu)斷強(qiang)化、充(chong)(chong)(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)術(shu)水平不(bu)斷提高、充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)覆蓋范圍不(bu)斷擴大，已經基(ji)(ji)(ji)本形成(cheng)了(le)(le)較為(wei)完(wan)善的充(chong)(chong)(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網絡體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，有(you)力(li)支撐了(le)(le)我國(guo)(guo)新(xin)能源(yuan)汽車(che)(che)(che)的消費和使用。截至2022年，我國(guo)(guo)已建(jian)成(cheng)各類充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)520萬個，新(xin)能源(yuan)汽車(che)(che)(che)保有(you)量1310萬輛，車(che)(che)(che)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)比達到(dao)2.5∶1，基(ji)(ji)(ji)本滿足了(le)(le)現階段新(xin)能源(yuan)汽車(che)(che)(che)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)需求。然而，我國(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)仍存(cun)在(zai)整體(ti)(ti)統(tong)籌規(gui)劃力(li)度不(bu)足、快慢(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)比例失衡、充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)運維能力(li)不(bu)足等(deng)問(wen)題。與此同(tong)時，部分偏(pian)遠地區充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)利用率較低、部分熱點區域及節假日充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)服務供給不(bu)足，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)便利、充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)(ti)驗(yan)不(bu)佳等(deng)現象(xiang)依然存(cun)在(zai)，在(zai)一(yi)定(ding)程度上(shang)影響了(le)(le)新(xin)能源(yuan)汽車(che)(che)(che)消費。

基于《指導意見》的相關要求(qiu)(qiu)，未來(lai)應進一步研(yan)究制定針對性(xing)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電設施專項支持措施，優化充(chong)(chong)(chong)電基礎(chu)(chu)設施布局，提(ti)高(gao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電服務水平，提(ti)升(sheng)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電便利性(xing)。同時(shi)，多措并舉促進我國充(chong)(chong)(chong)電基礎(chu)(chu)設施高(gao)質量發(fa)展，更好滿足(zu)人(ren)民群眾購買和(he)使用新能源汽車的消費需求(qiu)(qiu)，促進汽車等大宗(zong)消費，助力實現“雙碳(tan)”目標。

在優(you)化充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)布局層面(mian)，應加快建(jian)立城市、道路、鄉村于一體的(de)(de)“點線面(mian)網(wang)(wang)”全(quan)覆(fu)(fu)蓋充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)體系(xi)。在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)協同發展方面(mian)，加強充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力網(wang)(wang)、交(jiao)通網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)一體化銜接，開展統(tong)一規劃(hua)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)，實現社會資源的(de)(de)最優(you)協同，使充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)、道路網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)都處(chu)于高效、經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)運行狀態。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)區(qu)域覆(fu)(fu)蓋方面(mian)，加強城市“兩區(qu)”和“三中心”充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)，重點推動充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)向(xiang)農(nong)村地區(qu)有效延伸，實現“縣鄉”級(ji)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)全(quan)覆(fu)(fu)蓋，支持(chi)新(xin)能源汽車下鄉，以消費升級(ji)助(zhu)力鄉村振興。

在提(ti)高充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)服(fu)務水平層面，需進(jin)一步制定(ding)合理(li)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)運(yun)(yun)營(ying)管(guan)理(li)以及(ji)考(kao)(kao)評考(kao)(kao)核(he)機(ji)制，完善充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運(yun)(yun)營(ying)市場的行業準入、驗收、運(yun)(yun)維、退出等各項管(guan)理(li)機(ji)制，以充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)、安全運(yun)(yun)營(ying)情況(kuang)、維護管(guan)理(li)水平、充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)互聯互通能力等為評價標準開展(zhan)全面考(kao)(kao)核(he)，并(bing)將考(kao)(kao)核(he)結(jie)果與(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)補(bu)貼相掛鉤，督促運(yun)(yun)營(ying)商(shang)提(ti)高運(yun)(yun)營(ying)效率，不斷提(ti)升充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)服(fu)務質(zhi)量(liang)。鼓(gu)勵(li)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)服(fu)務模式和商(shang)業合作模式創新，拓寬現有充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)運(yun)(yun)營(ying)企業融資渠(qu)道，撬動更多社會資源(yuan)進(jin)入充(chong)(chong)(chong)換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)建設(she)(she)(she)和運(yun)(yun)營(ying)領(ling)域(yu)，營(ying)造良性競爭的市場氛(fen)圍(wei)，提(ti)升用戶充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體驗。

在提(ti)升(sheng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)便利性層面(mian)，要(yao)加(jia)快大功(gong)率充(chong)電(dian)(dian)、智能(neng)有序充(chong)電(dian)(dian)、V2G等新型充(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)技術的(de)推廣應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)，提(ti)升(sheng)新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)用(yong)(yong)戶的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)便利性和(he)使用(yong)(yong)經濟性。應(ying)(ying)進一(yi)步加(jia)快大功(gong)率充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)標(biao)準(zhun)協調(diao)和(he)大功(gong)率充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設施建設速度(du)，擴大換(huan)電(dian)(dian)模式的(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)范圍，為長(chang)途出行和(he)重載車(che)輛提(ti)供更高效的(de)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)補給方式。加(jia)快有序充(chong)電(dian)(dian)、V2G雙向充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)等各類智能(neng)化充(chong)電(dian)(dian)技術的(de)示范和(he)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)，進一(yi)步發揮新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)分散式儲(chu)能(neng)單元的(de)作用(yong)(yong)，引導新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)參與電(dian)(dian)網實(shi)時調(diao)控與調(diao)峰輔助(zhu)服務，通(tong)過峰谷電(dian)(dian)價(jia)充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)獲(huo)取收(shou)益，降(jiang)低(di)新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)用(yong)(yong)戶使用(yong)(yong)成(cheng)本。